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Financial Metrics & Indicator Glossary

An encyclopedic reference guide explaining every financial term, valuation ratio, technical indicator, and algorithmic metric used throughout the application.

📊 11.1 Valuation & Fundamental Metrics

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P/E Ratio (Price-to-Earnings)

Measures how many dollars investors pay for each dollar of annual company earnings. A lower P/E ratio indicates potential value, while a higher P/E reflects strong market expectations for future revenue expansion.

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PEG Ratio (P/E to Growth)

Evaluates a company's valuation relative to its actual earnings growth rate. A PEG ratio under 1.0 suggests an undervalued company growing faster than its market multiple.

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Beta (Volatility Correlation)

Measures stock price sensitivity relative to the S&P 500 benchmark (Beta = 1.0). Beta > 1.0 indicates high-beta volatility; Beta < 1.0 indicates defensive stability.

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Market Capitalization

Total dollar value of all outstanding shares: Mega-Cap (> \$200B), Large-Cap (\$10B–\$200B), Mid-Cap (\$2B–\$10B), and Small-Cap (< \$2B).

📉 11.2 Technical Indicators & Quantitative Scores

SMA 20 (20-Day Simple Moving Average): Short-term tactical trendline representing the average closing price over the past 20 trading sessions.
EMA 50 (50-Day Exponential Moving Average): Medium-term institutional trendline giving higher weighting to recent prices.
Golden Cross / Death Cross: A Golden Cross occurs when SMA 20 crosses above EMA 50 (bullish). A Death Cross occurs when SMA 20 crosses below EMA 50 (bearish).
RSI (Relative Strength Index): 14-period momentum oscillator. Values below 35 indicate oversold conditions; values above 70 indicate overbought exhaustion.
MACD (Moving Average Convergence Divergence): Trend-following momentum indicator capturing bullish and bearish momentum crossovers.
TA-Lib Technical Score: Composite algorithmic score combining 12+ classical technical indicators into a unified 0 – 100 ranking.

📰 11.3 Alternative Data & Sentiment Analysis

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FinBERT News Sentiment

Financial Natural Language Processing model analyzing hundreds of daily real-time news headlines, rating sentiment from -1.0 (Extreme Fear) to +1.0 (Extreme Greed).

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SEC Baseline Sentiment

NLP analysis of mandatory quarterly Form 10-Q and annual Form 10-K regulatory filings submitted to the US Securities and Exchange Commission.

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Operational EPS Momentum

Measures the sequential acceleration of operational earnings per share: AAA (Ultra Growth), BBB (Solid), CCC (Flat), X (Declining).

❓ 11.4 Why Do Some Values Show 'N/A'?

If you notice N/A displayed for certain metrics, it is intentional and reflects honest data reporting rather than fabricated estimates:

📋 Standard Causes of 'N/A' Values:

P/E & PEG Ratios: Cannot be calculated for unprofitable growth companies with negative earnings per share or zero historical profits.
Beta: Requires a minimum of 3 years of trading history. Newly listed companies (IPOs) will show Beta: N/A.
52-Week Range: Omitted if an asset has traded publicly on US exchanges for less than 52 calendar weeks.
Target Tracker (TT): Displays N/A when an asset is in consolidation equilibrium with no active open trade target.